TỔNG HỢP COLLOCATIONS THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

Để nâng band điểm IELTS, chắc chắn bạn sẽ không thể bỏ qua việc sử dụng collocations. Đây là cách làm hiệu quả trong cả 4 bài thi IELTS. Tuy nhiên, không phải collocations nào cũng có tác dụng. Vậy thi IELTS nên sử dụng các collocations nào? Hãy để MES gợi ý một vài Collocations theo chủ đề hữu ích giúp bạn ăn điểm IELTS nhé.

SPORT & SKILLS

develop interpersonal skills: phát triển kĩ năng giao tiếp và làm việc với người khác
team work and communicaon skills: Kĩ năng làm việc nhóm và giao tiếp
day-to-day social interactions: Tương tác xã hội hàng ngày.
benefit people in their workplace: Có lợi cho công việc
develop a sense of unity, friendship, and sportsmanship between teammates:

Phát triển tinh thần đoàn kết, bạn bè và thể thao giữa những người chơi.

add value to people’s lives: Thêm giá trị vào cuộc sống
feel a part of something: Cảm thấy như một phần của cái gì đó
enhance their personal skills: Phát triển kĩ năng cá nhân
manage emotions, cope with stress: Quản lý cảm xúc, giải toả căng thẳng.
build confidence and self-esteem: Nâng cao sự tự tin và lòng tự trọng
develop a strong mindset: Phát triển tư duy tốt hơn.
overcome any setbacks they may face: Vượt qua bất cứ trở ngại nào gặp phải
to challenge themselves by setting goals and achieving personal bests: Thử thách bản thân bằng việc đặt ra mục tiêu và đạt được những gì tốt nhất
mental and physical health: Sức khoẻ thể chất và tinh thần.
Lucrative (adj): giàu có
Sponsorships (n): Tài trợ.
To have greater motivation to do something: Có động lực cao hơn làm gì đó
To enhance their performance in competion: Cải thiện kết quả ở các cuộc thi. • To pour money into something: Rót ền vào việc gì đó
To provide somebody with something: Cung cấp cho ai đó cái gì đó.
Predecessors (n): Người đi trước, ền nhiệm
To have a greater passion for something: Có niềm đam mê lớn hơn cho việc gì. • a healthy lifestyle (n): Lối sống tốt cho sức khoẻ
Financial incentives (n): Phần thưởng tài chính.
the sense of well-being and relaxation: Tinh thần vui vẻ và thư giãn
to get fit = stay in shape: Giữ gìn sức khoẻ, vóc dáng
a way to relax = a form of leisure: Một hình thức giải trí
take their mind off the stresses of daily life: Giải toả áp lực trong cuộc sống hàng ngày

. • serve a number of usual functions within society: Đóng góp một vài vai trò trong xã hội. •

be less prone to something: Ít khả năng chịu đựng cái gì đó.

mental and physical sicknesses: Bệnh về thể chất và nh thần
reduces the burdens on healthcare systems: Giảm những gánh nặng cho hệ thống chăm sóc sức khoẻ • creates a sense of unity: Mang lại nh thần đoàn kết
life skills and lessons: Kĩ năng và bài học cuộc sống.

TRANSPORTATION

To encourage people to cycle: Khuyến khích mọi người đạp xe
Environmentally conscious (adj): Ý thức môi trường
To promote the use of bicycles: Thúc đẩy việc sử dụng xe đạp • Cycling lanes (n): Làn đường rảnh riêng cho xe đạp
To levy higher taxes on something: Đánh thuế cao vào cái gì đó
To raise social awareness of environmental protection: Nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng về sự bảo vệ môi trường
To increase the likelihood of people turning to cycling: Tăng khả năng mọi người đạp xe trở lại
Further investment in other priorities: Đầu tư vào những sự ưu tiên khác
Lead to an increase in their work productivity: Tăng hiệu quả lao động
To be packed in cramped and hot buses: Bị chật cứng trong những chiếc xe bus nóng và chật chội •

To rush to do something: Vội vàng, vội vã làm gì đó

Exhaust fumes (n): Khí thải
To exert a detrimental effect on something: Mang lại ảnh hướng xấu cho cái gì đó
To be susceptible to something: Dễ bị ảnh hưởng, tổn thương bởi cái gì đó
respiratory diseases (n): Bệnh liên quan đến hô hấp

To catch up on some un nished work: Hoàn thành nốt những công việc chưa xong. 2. To plan their work schedule: Lên kế hoạch cho công việc.
Be stuck in traffc jams during rush hours: Mắc kẹt do tắc đường vào giờ cao điểm. 4. Breathing in toxic fumes: Hít phải những khí thải độc hại.
To lead to a number of serious health issues: Dẫn đến nhiều vấn đề nghiêm trọng về sức khoẻ.
To leaves less me for other more important ac vi es: Dẫn đến ít thời gian cho các hoạt động khác quan trọng hơn.
Spending me with loved ones: Dành thời gian với những người yêu thương.
Pursuing one’s hobbies: Theo đuổi sở thích của một ai đó.
To keep their eyes glued to their smartphone: Dán mắt vào màn hình điện thoại. 10. An waste of me: Một cách đốt thời gian không tốt cho sức khoẻ.

MUSEUM

To have significant knowledge of their own culture and history: có hiểu biết sâu rộng về văn hóa lịch sử địa phương
To upgrade: nâng cấp
Rotating artefacts and displays: xoay vòng những đồ tạo tác và vật phẩm trưng bày 4. To arouse more interest from locals: khơi dậy sự quan tâm nhiều hơn từ người dân địa phương
Exhibitions: triển lãm
6. To encourage and fund annual trips: khuyến khích và tài trợ các chuyến tham quan hàng năm.

LIVING IN THE CITY

To encourage somebody to do something: Khuyến khích ai đó làm gì đó.
High volumes of traffic: Mật độ phương tiện lớn.
The degrada on of air quality: Giảm chất lượng không khí
Be a significant contributor to something: Là nguyên nhân chính cho việc gì đó • Respiratory disease: Bệnh liên quan đến hô hấp
Be bombarded with something : Bị tiếp xúc quá nhiều với cái gì đó
Social anarchy: Tình trạng hỗn loạn xã hội
To have a direct impact on something: Có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp tới cái gì

FOOD

A growing trend in food culture: xu hướng đang thịnh hành về văn hóa ẩm thực
A vast array of: một chuỗi rất đa dạng
A highly nutritious diet: chế độ ăn giàu dinh dưỡng
To promote health and prevent disease: nâng cao sức khỏe & ngăn chặn bệnh tật
Losing their own access to their food sources: không thể tiếp cận được với những nguồn thực phẩm của họ
Contributes to climate change: góp phần gây ra biến đổi khí hậu
7. Carbon emissions produced by transportation: khí thải carbon từ vận chuyển hàng hóa
8. Treated with chemicals and preservatives: được xử lý bằng hóa chất và chất bảo quản

Locally grown food: thức ăn được trồng ở địa phương
To reduce the negative effects of carbon emissions: cắt giảm những hệ quả tiêu cực của việc thải khí CO2
To enhance their standards of living: nâng cao êu chuẩn cuộc sống
Non-locally grown foods: thức ăn được trồng ở nơi khác
To experience specialties and healthy products: trải nghiệm đặc sản và thức ăn tốt cho sức khỏe
Price manipulation: thao túng giá cả
Local merchants: thương nhân địa phương
The demand for domestically produced food: nhu cầu cho thực phẩm được sản xuất trong nước
A reduction in unemployment rates: sự giảm của tỷ lệ thất nghiệp
Safe, hygienic food standards: tiêu chuẩn thức ăn an toàn và sạch
Puttng barriers on importing food: đặt rào cản cho việc nhập khẩu thức ăn
Countries can play their part in: các nước đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc

Library and Computer Technology

To store a huge amount of informa tion: Chứa một lượng thông tin lớn
Feasible = plausible (adj): Khả thi, có thể thực hiện được.
To be a ributable to something: Được gâu ra bởi cái gì đó
Are usually poorly conserved or refurbished: Bảo tồn và tân trang kém.
A budget for opera on: Ngân sách duy trì.
To be familiar with something: Quen thuộc với cái gì đó
war relics (n): Kỉ vật chiến tranh
Local inhabitants (n): Người dân địa phương
To struggle to make ends meet : Khó khăn để kiếm sống qua ngày.
Allocate nancial resources for maintaining and refreshing the exhibits: Phân bổ nguồn lực tài chính cho việc duy trì và tân trang những hiện vật.
Pay something/somebody a visit: Đến thăm ai đó.
A hectic schedule: Lịch trình bận rộn
Means of accessing information: Phương pháp tiếp cận thông tin
Senior citizens: Người lớn tuổi
The availability of something: Sự có sẵn của cái gì đó
Technophobes: Người không giỏi về công nghệ
Reliable source of information: Nguồn thông tin đáng tin cậy
An abundance of inaccurate and unreliable information on the Internet: Lượng lớn thông tin không chính xác và không đáng tin trên mạng Internet
The availability of technology: Sự có sẵn của công nghệ
To have access to something: Tiếp cận với cái gì đó (thường là tích cực)
The latest and most advanced technology: Công nghệ tân tiến và hiện đại nhất
Enhance the productivity of something: Nâng cao hiệu quả của cái gì đó.
To boost something: Cải thiện, phát triển cái gì đó.
A ordable (adj): Có thể mua được.
The acquisition and application of something: Sự tích luỹ học hỏi và áp dụng của cái gì đó.
face-to-face interac on: Tương tác thực tế
almost anything delivered to our homes: Hầu hết tất cả mọi thứ đều được vận chuyển về nhà
widely available for online purchase: Có sẵn trên mạng
maintain e ec ve communica on: Duy trì sự giao tiếp hiệu quả
ensure their businesses operate smoothly: Bảo đảm công ty vận hành mượt mà hơn
Stay in touch with somebody: Giữ liên lạc với ai đó
enhances our shopping experiences, makes our workplaces more streamlined and effcient: Nâng cao trải nghiệm mua sắm, làm cho nơi làm việc có tổ chức và hiệu quả hơn
facilitates our communication: Giúp việc giao tiếp dễ dàng hơn
too engrossed in media hype: Quá mải mê với những lời quảng cáo
with their eyes glued to their phones: Dính mắt vào điện thoại
undervaluing real life relationships: Đánh giá thấp các mối quan hệ ngoài đời
inflicting severe damage on our relationships: Gây ra ảnh hưởng xấu tới các mối quan hệ
flourish on the basis of true communication: Phát triển dựa trên việc giao tiếp thực tế
Accessible (adj): Dễ dàng tiếp cận.
To minimize the risks and costs of using transport on a daily basis to commute: Làm giảm rủi ro và chi phí sử dụng phương ện di chuyển.
To crunch numbers (v): Tính toán
A better state of mind: Tinh thần làm việc tốt hơn.
The construction and maintenance of buildings and facilities: Sự xây dựng và duy trì những toà nhà và cơ sở vật chất
To build up the reputation of something: Nâng cao hình ảnh/danh tiếng của…

Business

Have a detrimental impact: có ảnh hưởng xấu
Manipulate (v): lôi kéo
Marke ng strategy: chiến lược tiếp thị
The concept of advertising: khái niệm quảng cáo
A prosperous economy: một nền kinh tế thịnh vượng
Provide temporary financial support: cung cấp hỗ trợ tài chính tạm thời
To gain enormous popularity in: Đạt được sự yêu thích
The technical limitations: Sự hạn chế về mặt kĩ thuật
To make use of something: Sử dụng cái gì đó
Slow internet connect on and platform malfunction: Đường truyền Internet chậm và trục trặc mạng
The lack of face-to-face interaction: Sự thiếu tương tác thực tế
To be the key to something: Là chìa khoá cho cái gì
To be distracted by something: Bị sao nhãng bởi cái gì đó
To facilitate something: Làm cho cái gì đó khả thi hơn, dễ dàng hơn
The (only) solution to: Giải pháp (duy nhất) cho vấn đề gì
Take a heavy toll on: Gây ra tổn thất lớn cho cái gì
The ever increasing demand: Nhu cầu tăng cao hơn bao giờ hết
The major culprit behind sth: Thủ phạm chính đằng sau vấn đề gì
The loss of natural habitat: Sự mất đi môi trường sống
Pushing sth to the verge of extinction: Đẩy cái gì đó tới bờ vực tuyệt chủng • Unsustainable exploitation: Sự khai thác không bền vững
Poses serious threat to: Tạo ra mối nguy hại nghiêm trọng đối với
A rational approach: Cách ếp cận sáng suốt
Underprivileged backgrounds: Những hoàn cảnh khó khăn
Cover basic living expenses: Trang trải cho những chi phí thiết yếu
Has a crucial role to play: Đóng vai trò quan trọng
The fight against hunger: Cuộc chiến chông lại nạn đói
The labour-intensive process: Quá trình đòi hỏi nhiều nhân lực
Put an end to: Chấm dứt vấn đề gì

Newly-hired staff : nhân viên mới được nhận làm việc
Be attributable to: được quy cho (nguyên nhân)
Work in small separate spaces or cubicles: làm việc trong những không gian nhỏ hoặc những phòng được ngăn cách
Is assigned particular tasks: được giao những công việc nhất định
Place more emphasis on: chú trọng vào thứ gì đó hơn
Entering the workforce: gia nhập lực lượng lao động
Extensive expertise: chuyên môn sâu rộng
Colleague interaction: sự tương tác giữa đồng nghiệp
Projects could be more teamwork-orientated: những dự án có thể được định hướng làm việc theo nhóm
Count towards: được tính vào

Science Research

Play the leading role in something (phr): Đóng một vai trò dẫn đầu trong việc gì đó
To be the key to something (phr): Là nguyên nhân chính cho cái gì đó
To develop vaccines against potential epidemics (phr): Phát triển vác xin cho các bệnh dịch
To deal with something (phr): Giải quyết vấn đề gì đó
To minimize the risk of something (phr): Giảm thiểu rủi ro cho cái gì đó
To begin the era of something (phr): Bắt đầu kỉ nguyên của cái gì đó
To facilitate modern forms of interaction: Làm phát triển những loại hình tương tác hiện đại
To conduct/carry out scienc investigations: Tiến hành sự điều tra về khoa học

TRAFFIC

Harsh = stringent = strict punishments: Hình phạt nghiêm khắc
To deter somebody from doing something: Ngăn chặn ai đó làm việc gì đó
Road offenses = traffic-related crimes: Vi phạm luật giao thông
To act as a deterrent to would-be lawbreakers: Như một sự răn đe cho những người có ý định phạm luật •

To be fined with a certain amount of money: Bị phạt 1 khoản tiền nào đó

Road casualties: Tai nạn giao thông chết người
Loosely enforced regulations: Các điều luật được ban hành lỏng lẻo
To heighten people’s awareness of something: Nâng cao nhận thức của con người về vấn đề gì đó
Aforementioned ideas: những ý kiến được nhắc đến trước

FAMILY

To have heavier workloads and more hectic schedules: Có khối lượng công việc và lịch làm việc bận rộn hơn
The fast food culture of modern life: Văn hoá đồ ăn nhanh trong xã hội hiện đại
Change people’s eating habits: Thay đổi thói quen ăn uống
To lead to a weaker family bond: Làm yếu đi sự tương tác giữa các thành viên trong gia đình
Paying more attention to their well-being: Dành sự chú ý hơn cho sức khoẻ • To lead healthier lifestyles: Dẫn đến lối sống có lợi hơn cho sức khoẻ
To bridge the genera on gap: Làm cầu nối cho sự khác biệt thế hệ
To promote be er communication: Thúc đẩy sự giao tiếp tốt hơn
To be immersed in something: Bị đắm mình vào cái gì đó
Recreational (adj): Thuộc về giải trí
Career-oriented (adj): Định hướng nghề nghiệp
a nuclear family structure: Cấu trúc gia đình hạt nhân (2 thế hệ bố và mẹ) • genera ons of a family: Gia đình nhiều thế hệ
live under the one roof: Sống trong cùng một mái nhà.
to provide for somebody/something: Hỗ trợ cho ai đó/ cái gì đó.
family and household du es = domes c du es: Trách nhiệm gia đình và nội trợ • to pursue their career: Theo đuổi sự nghiệp
the breadwinner: Người trụ cột gia đình
a housewife = houseowner Người nội trợ

To undertake parenting courses: tham gia khoá học nuôi dạy trẻ

To equip parents with necessary skills and knowledge: trang bị cho bố mẹ kỹ năng và kiến thức cần thiết
3. Proper instruction: sự hướng dẫn đúng đắn
New born infant: trẻ sơ sinh
Adolescence: giai đoạn thanh thiếu niên
An innate skill: một kĩ năng bẩm sinh
Their own upbringing: quá trình nuôi dưỡng
2. The freedom to do as they please: tự do làm theo ý bản thân mong muốn
Constant judgement or criticism: sự đánh giá hoặc phê bình liên tục
Hectic, fast-paced lifestyle: lối sống hối hả, bận rộn
Slower-paced, healthier life: lối sống chậm rãi, lành mạnh
During their retirement: trong suốt thời gian nghỉ hưu
Physical and mental health problems: những vấn đề sức khỏe thể chất và nh thần
Lack the care and a en on they need: thiếu sự chăm sóc và quan tâm cần thiết
9. Interaction and influence from grandparents: sự tương tác và ảnh hưởng từ ông bà
Important life lessons: những bài học cuộc sống quan trọng
Valuable life experience: kinh nghiệm sống quý giá
Important traditions and customs: những phong tục và truyền thống quan trọng
13. Poor family bonds: tình cảm gia đình thiếu thân thiết, gắn bó

PEOPLE

A futile exercise: một việc làm vô ích
Both perspectives are of equal importance: cả hai quan điểm đều có tầm quan trọng như nhau
Simultaneously: xảy ra đồng thời
Have goals and dreams to strive towards: có mục êu và mơ ước để phấn đấu
A sense of purpose and direction: ý thức về mục đích và định hướng
To achieve and fulfill these goals: để đạt được và hoàn thành các mục êu
One of the key elements: một trong những yếu tố then chốt
8. The future is uncertain: tương lai bất định, luôn thay đổi
A backup plan: kế hoạch dự phòng
Too many factors that influence our future: quá nhiều nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến tương lai của chúng ta
Out of our control: ngoài tầm kiểm soát
To react and respond appropriately: để phản ứng lại một cách phù hợp
Our current situation and needs: những nhu cầu và nh hình hiện tại của chúng ta 14. To live your life to the fullest: sống hết mình
Each passing moment: mỗi giây phút trôi qua
To maintain a balance: để duy trì cân bằng
17. To adapt to the current changing situations and circumstances: để thích nghi với các nh huống, hoàn cảnh đang thay đổi ở hiện tại
Immerse in a complex storyline: hòa mình vào một cốt truyện phức tạp
Trigger the imagination and curiosity: khơi dậy trí tưởng tượng và sự tò mò
Physically demanding: đòi hỏi nhiều về sức khỏe thể chất
Calorie expenditure: việc tiêu thụ ca-lo
Establish connections with others: thiết lập quan hệ với người khác

WORK

The recruitment process: Quy trình tuyển dụng
A tool to measure the level of knowledge: Công cụ để đánh giá trình độ kiến thức
To be capable of doing something: Có năng lực làm điều gì đó
To gain suficient in-depth knowledge in something: Đạt được kiến thức chuyên sâu về cái gì đó
To motivate somebody to do something: Tạo động lực cho ai làm điều gì đó
To pursue tertiary education: Học đại học
For the sake of something: Cho mục đích đạt được điều gì đó
Career prospects: Cơ hội việc làm
To achieve the Ideal work life balance: Đạt được cân bằng công việc cuộc sống lý tưởng •

unhealthy work life balance = work-life imbalance : Mất cân bằng công việc, cuộc sống

have a negative effect on something: Có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực tới
give rise to something : Gây ra điều gì đó
The materialistic society : Xã hội vật chất hoá
a flexible schedule (n): Lịch làm việc linh hoạt
sacrifice their daily physical activies and recretional activities to work (n): Hy sinh cái gì cho cái gì đó

To change and evolve to meet the demands of modern society: thay đổi và phát triển để đáp ứng yêu cầu của xã hội hiện đại
To adapt to something: thích nghi với cái gì đó
The developments in hi-tech machines and artificial intelligence: những sự phát triển của máy móc công nghệ cao và trí thông minh nhân tạo
Be replaced by automated processes: bị thay thế bởi những quy trình tự động
The ever-increasing desire to cut expenses and increase profits: nhu cầu tăng lên về việc cắt giảm chi êu và tối đa lợi nhuận
Outsourced: thực hiện bởi một bên khác
Autonomous vehicles: phương tiện tự động
To incorporate technology into their process: kết hợp công nghệ vào trong quy trình 9. To keep up to date with something: cập nhật với cái gì đó (xu hướng, công nghệ…)

CRIME

To serve as one of the embodiments of justice and fairness in society: phục vụ như một trong những hiện thân của công lý trong xã hội
Unlawful act: hành vi phạm pháp
Be it a misdemeanour or a felony: dù là tội nhẹ hay nặng
4. To fall into chaos: rơi vào hỗn loạn
Innocent people: người vô tội
The consequences of violating the law: hậu quả của việc phạm pháp
To enhance a person’s awareness and employability: nâng cao nhận thức và khả năng có việc làm
Elements that induce a person to become a criminal: những yếu tố có thể biến một người thành tội phạm
Heinous crimes: tội ác kinh hoàng
Well-educated people: những người được giáo dục tốt
Infamous sexual assault: vụ xâm hại nh dục khét ếng
12. Morally bad by nature: bản chất đạo đức không tốt
Psychologically unstable: tâm lý không ổn định
To show a propensity for crime: có khuynh hướng phạm tội
The ultimate answer to: phương án tối ưu cho điều gì

commits an unlawful act mang nghĩa: thực hiện một hành vi phạm pháp.
To gain social endorsement: nhận được sự ủng hộ của xã hội • Law breaker (n): người phạm luật, tội phạm
Felony (n): tội nghiêm trọng
Justice and fairness: công lý và công bằng
A deterrent against something: cái ngăn chặn điều gì • Be condemned to: bị kết tội/kết án
In a cell: trong tù
A civilized society: một xã hội văn minh • Voca onal training: khóa học nghề
To dispel (v): xua đuổi, xua tan
Justitifiable (a): hợp lí, chính đáng

BUILDING

Safety requirements: Những yêu cầu về an toàn
Enhance a sense of community: Cải thiện tính cộng đồng
Reflects the wealth and social status of its owner: Thể hiện sự giàu có và địa vị xã hội của người sở hữu
The target of gossip or burglary: Mục tiêu của sự đàm tiếu và trộm cắp
Share a common design: Chia sẻ những thiết kế chung
To supervise the process of construction: Kiểm soát quy trình xây dựng
Aesthetic design: Thiết kế có tính thẩm mỹ
Exterior Appearance: Hình dáng bên ngoài
A magnificent looking structure: Công trình cuốn hút
High-class: Địa vị cao
enhance the operation of the staff and the enterprise: Cải thiện hiệu quả của nhân viên và toàn bộ công ty

EDUCATION

Locally written works = national literary works: Tác phẩm văn học trong nước
Mother tongue: Tiếng mẹ đẻ
Linguistic knowledge: Kiến thức về ngôn ngữ
To pass down from genera on to generation: Duy trì từ thế hệ này qua thế hệ khác
To develop a sense of na onal identity and patriotism: Phát triển tinh thần và niềm tự hào dân tộc
To have access to something: Tiếp cận với cái gì đó
To be equipped with something: Được trang bị với cái gì đó
The acquisition of knowledge: Sự tích luỹ kiến thức
Life-changing (adj): Thay đổi cuộc sống
To have access to tertiary education = To attend university: Học đại học
Superior academic skills: Kĩ năng học tập xuât sắc
To handle the immense workload and pressure: Giải quyết công việc và áp lực cao.
High-quality undergraduates (n): Sinh viên tốt nghiệp chất lượng cao.
Prestigious = well-known (adj): Nổi tiếng
Academically-gifted individuals: Học sinh có năng khiếu học tập
To reflect their poten al to succeed at university: Phản ánh ềm năng thành công tại đại học. Formal quali ca ons (n): Bằng cấp đại học
To maintain a diverse community: Duy trì sự đa dạng cộng đồng
To allocate money for something: Phân bố ền bạc cho cái gì đó
To improve adult literacy rates: Cải thiện tỉ lệ biết chữ người lớn tuổi • Adolescents (n): Trẻ tuổi vị thành niên
Blue-collar jobs (n): Công việc tay chân, công nhân
Automatic processes (n): Quy trình tự động
Redundant (n): Thừa về số lượng, chất lượng
play a significant role in a child’s upbringing: Đóng vai trò quan trọng trong sự nuôi nấng trẻ nhỏ • in the company of somebody: Cùng với ai đó
attempt to do something: Nỗ lực cố gắng làm gì
parental influence: Sự ảnh hưởng của phụ huynh
the socioeconomic circumstances: Hoàn cảnh kinh tế xã hội
endow a child with greater intelligence and social skills: Trang bị cho đứa trẻ với sự thông minh và kĩ năng xã hội tốt hơn.
lay a basis for a student’s cognirive development: Đặt nền móng cho sự nhân thức của học sinh
flawed (adj): Có lỗi.
Equip somebody with something: Trang bị cho ai đó cái gì đó
enter the workforce: Gia nhập thị trường lao động
find blue-collar employment: Tìm kiếm công việc tay chân
non-academic careers: Những sự nghiệp không yêu cầu bằng cấp •

deemed eligible: Được coi là đủ điều kiện

To be a major contributor to: Là một nhân tố chính cho.
The financial burden on their families: Gánh nặng tài chính cho gia đình
To struggle to do something (v): Khó khan trong việc làm gì đó.
Receive the medical coverage like the local people: Nhận được sự điều trị y tế như giống như người bản địa
Encounter a serious health problem: Gặp phải những vấn đề vế sức khoẻ nghiêm trọng.
To engage in = to participate in something (v): Tham gia vào việc gì đó
Access to more modern and effective facilities and methods of learning: Tiếp cận tới những trang thiết bị và phương pháp học tập hiện đại và hiệu quả.
Financial aid (n): Trợ giúp về tài chính.
collaborative (adj): có tính hợp tác
To facilitate their learning process: Dễ dàng quá trình học tập.
To have a more thorough insight into the issue: Có sự hiểu biết sâu hơn về vấn đề •

To concentrate on something: Tập trung vào cái gì đó

To disturb somebody: Làm phiền ai đó
To stick to the group’s studying schedule: Phụ thuộc vào lịch học nhóm
a gap year: Một năm nghỉ để đi du lịch hoặc đi học trước khi bước vào đại học •
career path: Con đường sự nghiệp
To be highly motivated: Có động lực cao
to lose sight of something: Mất đi định hướng về cái gì đó
serve as a waste of me and money: Tốn thời gian và ền bạc
live very sheltered lives: Sống một cuộc sống được bao bọc.
real-life experience: Kinh nghiệm thực tế.
broaden their horizons: Mở mang tầm nhìn.

To implement those decisions: thực thi những quyết định đó

To misinterpret a decision: hiểu nhầm một quyết định nào đó
Effective communication and implementation of decisions: sự giao tiếp và thực thi quyết định một cách hiệu quả
The reliability and availability of good workers: sự đáng n cậy và có sẵn của người lao động chất lượng tốt
A skilled and reliable work force: nguồn lao động đáng tin cậy và lành nghề
An early commencement of study: việc học sớm
Head start: khởi đầu trước
Formal schooling: việc học chính thức
Vital so skills including teamwork and communication on skills: kĩ năng mềm quan trọng bao gồm kĩ năng làm việc nhóm và giao ếp
Well-advised: khôn ngoan
Examination results: kết quả từ các kỳ thi
To have an advantage in: có lợi thế trong việc nào đó
Academic performance: năng lực học thuật (lực học)
Academic subjects equip students with fundamental knowledge: các môn học thuật trang bị cho học sinh những kiến thức cơ bản và quan trọng
To prepare healthy and affordable meals: chuẩn bị các bữa ăn rẻ và tốt cho sức khỏe 6. A ending skill building classes: tham gia các lớp kỹ năng HISTORY

conveying historical values: truyền tải giá trị lịch sử
to be of great worth: có giá trị lớn
indigenous history and culture: lịch sử và văn hoá bản xứ
serve educational purposes: phục vụ mục đích giáo dục
instill patriotism: truyền tải, thấm nhuần nh yêu nước
promote a sense of national pride: củng cố lòng tự hào dân tộc
in grave danger: gặp nguy hiểm

ART AND CUTURE

To invest in something: Đầu tư vào cái gì đó
The deterioration of transport infrastructure: Sự giảm chất lượng của cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông

To face many environmental problems: Đối mặt với nhiều vấn đề về môi trường

To play an important role in something: Đóng một vai trò quan trọng cho việc gì đó
To strengthen the sense of family and community: Làm mạnh tinh thần gia đình và cộng đồng •

To preserve cultural diversity: Bảo tồn sự đa dạng văn hoá

Continual scientific and technological advancement: Sự phát triển liên tục về khoa học và công nghệ
To gain a lot of respect from somebody: Đạt được nhiều sự tôn trọng từ ai đó
To deliver messages about the apprecia on of something: Truyền tải thông điệp về sự trân trọng cái gì đó
To cherish the beauty of culture: Yêu vẻ đẹp của văn hoá
The fuel for our spiritual lives: Nguồn năng lượng cho cuộc sống tâm hồn
The gravity of culture in daily life: Sự cuốn hút của văn hoá trong đời sống hàng ngày

TOURISM

To have a high demand for something: Có nhu cầu cao cho cái gì đó that puts local (native) people to great inconvenience
To enhance living standards of the local people: Cải thiện đời sống vật chất của người dân địa phương
Ethnic people: Người dân tộc thiểu số
To be isolated from the outside world: Bị cách ly với thế giới bên ngoài
To broaden knowledge about a more civilized society: Mở mang kiến thức về xã hội văn minh
Indigenous (adj): Thuộc về bản xứ
To sacrifice something to do something: Hy sinh cái này để làm cái kia
The environmental deterioration: Sự ô nhiễm môi trường
Generating enormous financial wealth: Tạo ra sự giàu có về mặt tài chính
The primary source of income: Nguồn thu nhập chính
Facilitates understanding: Nâng cao sự hiểu biết
People of different cultural background: Con người đến từ những nền văn hoá khác nhau
Cause tremendous public outrage and prejudice against something: Gây ra sự phẫn nộ và định kiến từ cộng động trước điều gì đó
To increase tension between the countries involved: Tăng sự căng thẳng giữa những quốc gia liên quan
Give people some foreign culture exposure: Mang lại một vài trải nghiệm văn hoá nước ngoài
Overseas tourists: Khách du lịch quốc tế
To embrace cultural di erences: Đón nhận sự khác biệt về văn hoá
Conflicts arise: Sinh ra mâu thuẫn

1. A well-developed tourism industry: một ngành công nghiệp du lịch được phát triển tốt
An influx of money: dòng tiền
To improve international relations with other countries: tăng cường mối quan hệ với các nước khác
To share a country’s customs and culture: chia sẻ những phong tục tập quán và văn hóa của quốc gia
To help to facilitate this experience: giúp tạo điều kiện mang đến trải nghiệm này
A major cause of environmental pollution and destruction: một nguyên nhân chính gây ô nhiễm và phá hủy môi trường
Mountains of plastic waste: những núi rác thải nhựa
Appropriate recycling facilities: những cơ sở tái chế rác chuyên nghiệp, đúng cách 9. The invasion of tourists: sự tràn ngập khách du lịch
10. To disrupt the local wildlife and eco-systems: phá vỡ cuộc sống hoang dã và hệ sinh thái tại địa phương
The environmental and cultural impacts: những ảnh hưởng liên quan đến môi trường và văn hóa
To be closely monitored and minimised: được điều chỉnh và giảm thiểu một cách chặt chẽ
Facility and infrastructural development: phát triển về mặt cơ sở vật chất và hạ tầng 2. Exerting dire consequences on natural habitats: tạo ra ảnh hưởng xấu lên môi trường sống tự nhiên
Lay much pressure on local people: Đặt nhiều áp lực lên người dân trong vùng
A detriment to domestic travel: Ngăn cản du lịch trong nước
Costs of hotel rooms and other services: Giá cả của phòng khách sạn và những loại dịch vụ khác
Enhance tourism industries: Phát triển ngành du lịch
Enormously benefit from the burgeoning tourism industry: được hưởng lợi to lớn từ ngành công nghiệp du lịch đang bùng nổ

HEALTH (SPORTS)

To fight something (problems or issues): Giải quyết vấn đề gì đó
To encourage/promote a healthy lifestyle: Khuyến khích lỗi sống tốt cho sức khoẻ
To place a heavy burden on parents’ families: Đặt gánh nặng lớn vào gia đình bệnh nhân
Adequate (adj): Đủ về số lượng hoặc chất lượng (sysnonym của enough)
To be vulnerable to something: Dễ dàng bị tổn thương bởi cái gì đó
Waterborne diseases (n): Bệnh lây lan qua đường nước
Inherited (adj): Di truyền
To contract a disease: Bị nhiễm một căn bệnh

GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY

Dire consequences (n): Hậu quả nghiêm trọng

Personal possessions re ect wealth, social status, and appearance: tài sản cá nhân phản ánh sự giàu sang, địa vị xã hội, và bề ngoài
To enhance people’s appearance: làm đẹp vẻ bề ngoài
Luxurious brands: nhãn hàng xa xỉ
To be sold at exorbitant prices: được bán với giá rất cao
To show off their social status or their wealth: khoe địa vị xã hội hay sự giàu có
The strongest economic superpower: cường quốc kinh tế mạnh nhất
Dominant brand names: nhãn hàng thịnh hành
To maintain their positions: giữ vững vị thế
To prevent large-scale monopoly: ngăn cản thế độc quyền theo quy mô lớn

The mass product on of something: Sự sản xuất hàng loạt của cái gì đó • Unsuable (adj): Không thể dùng lại được
Make new purchases (phr): Mua
Dispose of something: Làm giảm cái gì đó
Non-recyclable (adj): Không tái chế được
Nonstop demand for something: Nhu cầu không ngừng cho cái gì đó
Preserve = maintain = protect something (v): Bảo vệ, bảo tồn
Be passionate about something: Đam mê về cái gì đó
Charity organizations (n): Tổ chức từ thiện
To be the main cause of something: Là nguyên nhân chính cho cái gì đó
The natural habitats of wild animals: Môi trường sống tự nhiên của động vật • To be responsible for something: Có trách nhiệm cho cái gì đó
The widespread devastation: Sự lan rộng tàn phá
Cause urban population to shrink: Làm giảm dân số đô thị
Relieve pressure on urban housing supply systems: Giảm áp lực cho hệ thống cung cấp nhà cửa đô thị •

Reduce traffic conges on: Giảm tắc đường

Overcrowded roads during the rush hour: Đường quá đông trong giờ cao điểm
The development of road systems: Sự phát triển của hệ thống đường
Traffic jams: Tắc đường
Residential areas: Khu vực dân cư
Accommodate a growing population: Cung cấp chỗ ở cho sự tăng trưởng dân số
To have the freedom to do something: Có sự tự do làm cái gì đó
Government regulations (n): Điều luật chính phủ
Scope for creativity: Cơ hội cho sự sáng tạo
The arrival of more innovative and unique buildings: Sự xuất hiện của nhiều toà nhà sáng tạo và độc nhất •

To fulfill their personal preferences: Làm thoả mãn sở thích cá nhân

To be passionate about something: Đam mê về điều gì đó
A sense of satisfaction and contentment: Một cảm giác hài lòng và mãn nguyện
To be vulnerable to something: Dễ dàng bị tổn thương, ảnh hưởng bởi cái gì đó • Losses of lives and property: Mất đi sự sống và tài sản
The uniformity of a city: Sự đồng nhất của thành phố
Wealthy (adj): Giàu có
To allow somebody to do something: Cho phép ai đó làm gì đó.
lend a helping hand to the less fortunate: Giúp đỡ những người kém may mắn hơn
people in need: Người cần sự giúp đỡ.
ease the burdens of somebody: Giảm gánh nặng cho ai đó
charitable organizations: Tổ chức từ thiện
upper-class (adj): Tầng lớp thuợng lưu
overcome countless diffculties and try very hard to gain their wealth: Vượt qua nhiều khó khăn và nỗ lực rất nhiều để đạt được sự giàu có.
To be sastied with something: Hài lòng với cái gì đó
Hard work does pay off : Chăm chỉ sẽ nhận được thành quả xứng đáng.
the world’s population explosion: Sự bùng nổ dân số thế giới
puts a strain on the planet’s natural resources: Gây căng thẳng cho tài nguyên thiên nhiên • fossil fuels (n): Nhiên liệu hoá thạch
unrenewable (adj): Không thể tái tạo lại
the deple on of something: Sự cạn kiệt của cái gì đó
an energy crisis: Sự khủng hoảng năng lượng
dense = cramped (adj): dày đặc
brings strife and destruction to societies: Dẫn đến sự xung đột và phá huỷ xã hội
plague somebody (v): Gây ra khó khăn, lo lắng cho ai đó.
conceited and self-absorbed: Tự phụ và độc lập
compromise (v): Thoả hiệp
highly competive employees: Nhân viên có suy nghĩ cạnh tranh cao
create an unhealthy work environment: Tạo ra môi trường làm việc không tốt • promote produc vity: Thúc đẩy năng suất lao động
a positive attribute: Một nhân tố tích cực
strive to be better: Cố gắng để tốt hơn
persevere (v): Kiên trì
achieve their goals = reach their desired goals: Đạt được mụctiêu
a sense of rivalry: Cảm giác của sự ganh đua
boost a student’s study performance: Tăng hiệu quả học tập của học sinh
a competive personality: Tính cách cạnh tranh
a state of constant learning: Tinh thần không ngừng học hỏi
achieve better results: Đạt được kết quả tốt hơn
sabotage a person’s relationships: Làm rạn nứt mối quán hệ cá nhân
find a balance: Tìm kiếm sự cân bằng

. To sharpen their driving skills: nâng cao kĩ năng lái xe

To attend defensive driving courses: tham gia khoá học lái xe an toàn
Stringent traffic regulations: luật giao thông nghiêm khắc hơn
To act as a deterrent to would-be traffic law breakers: đóng vai trò như một sự răn đe tới những người có ý định vi phạm luật trong tương lai
To allocate financial resources to improving public transport: phân bố nguồn lực tài chính để cải thiện phương tiện công cộng
1. To have longer life expectancy than before: có tuổi thọ dài hơn trước đó
Senior citizens: người dân lớn tuổi
To shoulder much more responsibilities: gánh trên vai nhiều trách nhiệm hơn
To contribute free labor to ameliorating their communities: đóng góp nhân lực miễn phí cho sự cải thiện cộng đồng
To engage in charity work: tham gia vào công việc từ thiện
To instil a great sense of responsibility and altruism into the young generation: truyền bá nh thần trách nhiệm và lòng vị tha tới thế hệ trẻ
To pay for increased retirement pensions and health care costs: trả khoản lương hưu và các chi phí chăm sóc sức khoẻ cao
To bear a greater financial burden: chịu gánh nặng tài chính cao hơn
Stagnation: sự trì trệ
The lack of uniformity: sự đồng điệu, sự giống nhau
To be free to decide: được tự do quyết định
To demonstrate a consistent style: thể hiện một phong cách đồng nhất, nhất quán 4. To break this uniformity: phá hủy sự đồng nhất
To be more worthy of considera on: đáng để cân nhắc hơn
To give the city a more cosmopolitan atmosphere: mang lại cho thành phố bầu không khí dễ thích nghi cho mọi người trên thế giới
To reflect a variety of architectural designs: phản ánh sự đa dạng trong thiết kế kiến trúc 8. The freedom of choice: sự tự do lựa chọn
To struggle to deal with something: gặp khó khăn giải quyết vấn đề gì đó.
To keep up with something: bắt kịp với cái gì đó (xu thế, giá cả…)
To make ends meet: duy trì nhu cầu cơ bản nhất trong cuộc sống.
To have many negative effects on something: có ảnh hưởng êu cực vào cái gì đó.
To cause people with financial problems to turn to crime: khiến cho những người gặp vấn đề tài chính phạm tội.
To budget their income more effectively: chi tiêu thu nhập một cách hiệu quả hơn.

To adhere to a strict budget: tuân thủ chi tiêu nghiêm khắc.
To enact laws: ban hành luật.
To compete with something or somebody: Cạnh tranh với cái gì đó, ai đó.
To be threatened with something: Bị đe doạ bởi cái gì đó.
A rise in something: Sự tăng lên ở cái gì đó.
Increasing bankruptcies among small town-center shops: Sự phá sản nhiều của những cửa hàng nhỏ.
To cause a significant loss for the economy of any city: Gây ra tổn thất lớn cho nền kinh tế của bất cứ thành phố nào.
Traffc congestion: Tắc đường.
To adversely affect human health: Ảnh hưởng êu cực tới sức khoẻ con người.
To be faced with overpopulation and consequently ever-growing pressure on hous-ing supply systems: Đối mặt với quá tải dân số và hậu quả là áp lực đè nặng về vấn đề cung cấp chỗ ở.

pure altruism: lòng vị tha chân thật
severe environmental degrada on and widespread poverty: sự hủy hoại môi trường nghiêm trọng hoặc đói nghèo đang lan rộng
the livelihood of our future genera on: kế sinh nhai của thế hệ tương lai
justify economic progress: biện minh cho sự phát triển về kinh tế
poor, unsanitary conditions: điều kiện nghèo khổ và không đảm bảo vệ sinh
on our doorstep: rất gần với nơi chúng ta sống
make a paradigm change to our today’s society: thay đổi cơ bản xã hội ngày nay
nurturing our children’s altruisrtic behavior: nuôi dưỡng phẩm chất vị tha ở trẻ em
affect the trajectory of a child’s personality development: ảnh hưởng đến hướng phát triển của nh cách ở trẻ em

MEDIA

The civiliza on of mankind: nền văn minh nhân loại
Destroy the cultural diversity: huỷ hoại sự đa dạng văn hoá
Widespread popularity: sự phổ biến rộng rãi
Cross-cultural communica on: giao tiếp liên văn hoá
Boost multilateral trade and cultural exchange: thúc đẩy thương mại đa phương và trao đổi văn hoá
Incredible growth: sự phát triển đáng kinh ngạc
Cultural iden ty: bản sắc văn hoá
Weakened social cohesion: sự gắn kết xã hội bị suy yếu

Bad news dominating the headlines: Tin tức xấu tràn ngập trên những trang đầu
Instilled fear into their minds: Gây ra nỗi sợ hãi trong suy nghĩ
Frequent exposure to negative news: Thường xuyên ếp túc với những n xấu
Distort readers’ perception of reality: Bóp méo quan điểm của người đọc về sự thật
Shapes readers’ outlook on society: Định hình quan điểm của người đọc trong xã hội
Restore our faith in humanity: Khôi phục niềm tin
Inspires moral courses of action: Truyền cảm hứng cho những hành động tốt • Uphold ethical social values: Phát huy các giá trị đạo đức xã hội
mainstream media channels (n): Các kênh truyền thông chính thống
A higher frequency of news stories: Tần suất phát tróng n tức cao hơn
To hesitate to do something: Ngại ngùng, lưỡng lự làm cái gì đó
In fear of suffering from a terrorist attack: Sợ phải chịu từ những cuộc tấn công khủng bố
Tabloids (n): Báo lá cải
the scandals of celebrities (n): Scandals của người nổi ếng
made many great contributions to society: Đóng góp nhiều cho xã hội
bring people together: Mang mọi người đến gần nhau

The prolifera on of online news sources: sự bùng nổ của nguồn thông tin mạng 2. A digital world: thế giới điện tử
Senior citizens: người già
A more reliable source of information: một nguồn thông n đáng n cậy hơn
Professional journalists: nhà báo chuyên nghiệp
To be thoroughly checked, edited and censored prior to their publica on: được kiểm tra, chỉnh sửa và kiểm duỵêt kỹ lưỡng trước khi xuất bản
An increasingly dominant news source: nguồn đọc n tức càng ngày càng phát triển
Portable devices: các loại thiết bị có thể cầm tay, mang đi được
To access a huge storage of news in just a few clicks: truy cập vào lượng lớn thông tin với chỉ một vài cú clicks
The constant advancement in technology: sự phát triển liên tục của công nghệ
To come into contact with: ếp cận với một thứ gì đó 2. Frequent exposure: ếp cận thường xuyên
To weigh up pros and cons: cân nhắc lợi hại
To exaggerate: phóng đại
Reading for enjoyment: đọc sách vì niềm vui
To stimulates people’s brains: thúc đẩy hoạt động của não bộ
To use their imagination to visualise the characters and plot of the story: sử dụng trí tưởng tượng để hình dung các nhân vật và cốt truyện
Imaginative thinking skills: kỹ năng sử dụng trí tưởng tượng / sáng tạo
To expand their vocabulary and learn different grammatical structures: mở rộng vốn từ vựng và học nhiều cấu trúc từ vựng khác nhau
At a fast pace: ở một nhịp độ nhanh
A source of entertainment: một nguồn giải trí
To enhance a person’s language skills: phát triển khả năng ngôn ngữ của ai đó

Commercialization: sự thương mai hoá.
Give somebody a false impression: cho ai đó một ấn tượng sai.
Do permanent damage: gây ra những tổn thương vĩnh viễn.
Heighten awareness: nâng cao nhận thức
Gathering public attention and support: nhận đợc sự chú ý và ủng hộ từ dư luận

To hold the most vital position: Giữ vai trò thiết yếu.
To access huge storage of news: Tiếp cận trữ lượng thông n lớn.
To take over the posi on of printed newspaper: Chiếm lấy vị trí của báo in.
To unfold the possibility to upload videos and voice records: Mở ra khả năng đăng tải video và băng ghi âm.
The crucial source of information: Nguồn thông n quan trọng nhất.
Prolonging procedures including editing and printing: những quy trình kéo dài bao gồm việc biên tập và in ấn.

Grab the headlines: là êu điểm của báo chí
Ubiquitous (a): có ở khắp nơi, tràn lan
Tedious teaching method (noun phrase): phương pháp giảng dạy nhàm chán • To be eager to do something: hào hứng, thích thú làm gì
Starring role: vai chính
Tailor (v): thay đổi, chỉnh sửa để phù hợp
Arouse someone’s interest: khơi gợi sự hứng thú • Motion image: hình ảnh động
Vivid sound e ect: hiệu ứng âm thanh sống động • Appealing (a): thu hút, hấp dẫn

MODERN LIFESTYLES

The disappearance of small stores: Sự biến mất của những cửa hàng nhỏ
The boom in = the prolifera on of something: Sự bùng nổ của cái gì đó
To offer somebody something = to provide something to somebody: Cung cấp cho ai đó cái gì đó
The availability of something: Sự sẵn có của cái gì đó
Entertainment facilities: Cơ sở vật chất giải trí
Discounts and promotions: Giảm giá và khuyến mại
Family-run businesses: Doanh nghiệp cá nhân
To minimize their expenditure: tối giản chi têu
To live by the norms and rules: sống với nhiều luật lệ
a life time experience: trải nghiệm khó quên
To harness their many skills: mài giũa kĩ năng
To shoulder a lot more duties and responsibilities: gánh vác nhiều trách nhiệm
To balance their budgets: cân bằng chi tiêu

ANIMAL AND NATURE

To be wiped out: Bị xoá sổ
Environmental factors: Nhân tố về môi trường
Devastating the natural habitats of wildlife: Làm nguy hại đến môi trường sống tự nhiên của động vật hoang dã
Disturbing the food chain: làm ảnh hưởng đến chuỗi thức ăn.
The mass extinction: Sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt
Animals’ products: Sản phẩm từ động vật
The rampant poaching of wild, endangered animals: Nạn săn trộm tràn lan của động vật hoang dã có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.
Rectify the situation: Giải quyết vấn đề
The balance of the ecosystem: Sự cân bằng của hệ sinh thái
Aesthetic and socio-cultural values: Những giá trị thẩm mỹ và văn hoá xã hội
Rich bio-diversity: Sự giàu có về đa dạng sinh học
Revered and worshiped: Tôn kính và tôn thờ

Public health challenges: những thách thức về sức khỏe cộng đồng
Excessive consumption of meat: sự tiêu thụ thịt quá đà
Enjoy better health: tận hưởng sức khỏe tốt hơn
Alternative meat products: các sản phẩm thay thế thịt
Contain high levels of protein: chứa hàm lượng Protein cao
Receive little endorsement: nhận được rất ít sự ủng hộ
Plant-based medicines: các loại thuốc làm từ thực vật
Fulfill our needs: đáp ứng nhu cầu của chúng ta
Justify the suffering of animals: bào chữa cho sự chịu đựng của động vật
To preserve endangered animals by keeping them safe from poachers: bảo vệ các loài động vật quý hiếm từ những kẻ săn bắt
Habitat destruction: sự phá huỷ môi trường sống
The spread of urbanisation: sự gia tăng đô thị hoá
To raise awareness amongst the public: nâng cao nhận thức của cộng đồng
To create and fund conservation programs: tạo ra và trợ cấp cho các chương trình cải tạo
To be locked up in cages for their entire life: bị nhốt trong lồng.
Plays an integral role in: Đóng một vài trò quan trọng trong
Oppose the idea of using animals in medical investigation: Phản đối ý tưởng sử dụng động vật trong nghiên cứu y học
Animals which are subjected to medical inves ga on: Những động vật mà được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu y học
Be susceptible to: Dễ bị ảnh hưởng bởi
Implement research on animals: Tiến hành nghiên cứu trên động vật
Na onal budget will be expended on: Ngân sách quốc gia cần được giành cho việc 7. Biological similari es: Sự giống nhau về mặt sinh học
The above men oned disadvantages: Những mặt bất lợi đã được nêu phía trên

ENVIRONMENT

To take responsibility for something: Có trách nhiệm cho việc gì đó
To enact laws: Ban hành luật pháp
To be capable of doing something: Có năng lực, khả năng làm cái gì đó
Sustainable development goals: Mục tiêu phát triển bền vững
The active cooperation of residents: Sự hợp tác ch cực của người dân.
To raise somebody’s awareness of something: Nâng cao nhận thức của ai đó về cái gì đó
To impose heavy nes on something: Phạt nặng vào cái gì đó
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions: Giảm khí thải nhà kính
Waste management processes: Quy trình quản lý rác thải
biodegradable (adj): Có khả năng phân huỷ
To make a signicant contribution to something: Đóng một vai trò quan trọng vào việc gì đó.

The existence of human beings: sự tồn tại của loài người
A severe lack of understanding: sự thiếu hiểu biết trầm trọng
The role that nature plays in their lives: vai trò của thiên nhiên trong cuộc sống của họ 4. Nothing more than concrete jungles: không có gì hơn ngoài bê tông cốt thép
Devoid of any: không có bất kì
Staring at a smartphone or TV screen: nhìn chằm chằm vào điện thoại hay TV
Disconnect them from the natural world: ngăn cách họ khỏi thiên nhiên
Incorporate larger green spaces: tập hợp những không gian xanh lớn hơn
Be lined with trees: được viền với cây
Large communal spaces: không gian chung rộng hơn
A compulsory part of every child’s education: phần bắt buộc trong giáo dục của mỗi trẻ em
Live in harmony with it: sống hài hòa với nó
Being close to nature: gần gũi với môi trường
A deep understanding and appreciation: sự hiểu biết và trân trọng sâu sắc
The human race: loài người
Catastrophic consequences: thảm họa tồi tệ
The responsibility falls upon something/someone: trách nhiệm đổ lên đầu ai hoặc cái gì đó
To impose new laws against something: ban hành luật chống lại việc gì đó
The overuse of plas c products: việc sử dụng quá nhiều sản phẩm nhựa
Long-term imprisonment: việc bỏ tù dài hạn
Shi towards something: chuyển hướng sang việc gì đó
To dive into water to pick up trash: lặn xuống nước để nhặt rác
Biodegradable, recyclable, or environmentally friendly materials: các nguyên liệu tự hủy sinh học, tái chế được hoặc thân thiện với môi trường.
Boycotting certain products: tẩy chay một số sản phẩm nhất định
Adhere to: tuân theo một cách nghiêm ngặt
Environmental destruction: sự phá hủy về môi trường

Chemical by-products: sản phẩm hóa học phụ (trong quá trình sản xuất) • Manufacturing process / produc on lines: quy trình sản suất
Marine and terrestrial animals: động vật trên cạn và dưới nước
Single-use product: sản phẩm dùng một lần
Non-biodegradable: không phân hủy được
Short lifespan: vòng đời ngắn
Landfill: bãi rác
Eco-friendlier materials: vật liệu thân thiện với môi trường • Tax breaks: khoản miễn thuế

Put a heavy financial burden on someone: đặt gánh nặng tài chính lên ai đó
Harness: khai thác
Shift towards doing something: chuyển qua việc làm gì đó
Petroleum-powered vehicles and factories: phương ện và nhà máy chạy bằng ga hoặc xăng
5. Finite resources: nguồn tài nguyên hữu hạn

ENTERTAINMENT

A source of entertainment = a form of entertainment: một loại hình giải trí, thư giãn 2. A part of the entertainment industry: một phần của nền công nghiệp giải trí
A multibillion-dollar industry: nền công nghiệp hàng tỉ đô
To generate a lot of money: tạo ra rất nhiều tiền
Morals and values are shaped by what they watch: giá trị đạo đức được hình thành bởi những gì họ xem
To have a strong sense of patriotism: có một tinh thần yêu nước mãnh liệt
To compete with something or somebody: cạnh tranh với cái gì đó, ai đó
To be threatened with something: bị đe dọa bởi cái gì đó
3. A rise in something: sự tăng lên ở cái gì đó
Increasing bankruptcies among small town-center shops: sự phá sản nhiều của những cửa hàng nhỏ
To cause a significant loss for the economy of any city: gây ra tổn thất lớn cho nền kinh tế của bất cứ thành phố nào
Traffic congestion: tắc đường
To adversely affect human health: ảnh hưởng êu cực tới sức khoẻ con người
To be faced with overpopulation and consequently ever-growing pressure on housing supply systems: đối mặt với quá tải dân số và hậu quả là áp lực đè nặng về vấn đề cung cấp chỗ ở

Relaxation tools /stress relievers: công cụ giải trí/ xả stress
Face-to-face interaction: tương tác trực tiếp
A society of people leading sedentary lifestyles: một xã hội của những người với lối sống thụ động
To make people vulnerable to: làm ai đó trở nên dễ bị ảnh hưởng bởi điều gì đó không tốt
Deterioration of health: sự xuống cấp tình hình sức khoẻ